Ngo-2021, umthamo we-PA6 wokukhiqiza weChina ungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-5.715, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezi-6.145 ngonyaka ka-2022, anesilinganiso sokukhula esingu-7.5%. I-PA6 yaseChina inezinga eliphakeme lokwenziwa kwasekhaya. Emhlabeni jikelele, cishe ama-55% e-PA6 slices asetshenziselwa imicu, futhi cishe ama-45% asetshenziselwa amapulasitiki wobunjiniyela kanye namafilimu ezimoto, ama-elekthronikhi, ojantshi, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-4.127, cishe ama-20% asetshenziselwa amapulasithi wobunjiniyela.
I-PA NYLON BLANCE GRANARARIR
Kusuka ku-2021 kuya ku-2022, intengo ye-PA6 nayo yadlula phakathi kwama-roller coaster anyuke futhi aphansi.
I-Nylon 6 (PA6), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide 6, i-nylon 6, amandla ayo emishini engu-6, i-crystallization ilungile, futhi inezici zokuphikiswa kokugqwala, ukugqokwa kokuqina. Kusetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yezimoto, ukuhamba kwesitimela, ukupakishwa kwamafilimu, izinto ze-elekthronikhi kanye nezindwangu. Yize ukusebenza kwayo okuphelele kukuhle kakhulu, futhi kunochungechunge lwamaphutha. Isibonelo, i-PA6 ayinakho ukumelana okunamandla kwe-acid kanye ne-alkali, futhi amandla omthelela awaphezulu kokushisa okuphansi kanye no-state. Ukuba khona kwesisekelo se-hydrophilic kuzobangela isilinganiso esiphakeme sokufakwa kwamanzi, kanye nokumelana okuphezulu, amandla okumelana, amandla okuphamba nokunye ukuncishiswa ngemuva kokuqina kwemikhiqizo kanye nemikhiqizo kagesi yemikhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukutadisha ukuguqulwa kwe-PA6.
I-PA6 isetshenziswe ezimotweni
I-PA6 isetshenziswe ku-Textile
- Ukusebenza kwe-PA6
Izinto ezivuthiwe ze-PA zinomthombo obanzi, okuyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwayo okukhulu kwezimboni. Ngenxa yokuhlelwa okujwayelekile kwesakhiwo samangqamuzana, i-PA ingakha amabhondi amaningi we-hydrogen phakathi kwama-macromolecule, ngakho-ke inekristality ephezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, futhi inezici ezivelele ezindaweni ezisebenza ngemishini, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali, izakhiwo ezishisayo nezinye izici, kufaka phakathi:
(1) amandla aphezulu ashubile namandla okugoba;
(2) Ukumelana nomthelela omuhle;
(3) Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu;
(4) Inezimpawu zokumelana nokuzithambisa nokuzithathela, okungenakuqhathaniswa kwezinto zensimbi.
(5) Ukumelana nokuvuvukala okuhle nokuphikiswa kokugqwala kwama-solvents zamakhemikhali kanye nezidakamizwa;
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(7) ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwesithiyo;
(8) Ngomsebenzi wamakhemikhali aphezulu, amaqembu ama-polar angaphendula ngama-monomers nama-polymers aqukethe amaqembu ama-polar ukwakha amakhompiyutha amasha we-polymer.
Ukuze unikeze izakhiwo ze-PA6 ezinamandla ze-PA6, kuvame ukungezelwa, phakathi kwalokho okungeziwe kakhulu yi-Glass Fibre. I-Elastomer noma irabha yokwenziwa njenge-poe, i-SBR, noma i-EPDM imvamisa yengezwa ukunikeza ukumelana nomthelela we-PA6. Uma kungekho izengezo kumkhiqizo we-PA6, impahla eluhlaza epulasitiki inesilinganiso se-shrinkage se-1% kuya ku-1.5%, futhi ukungezwa kwe-fiber yengilazi kunikeza umkhiqizo ngesilinganiso se-shrinkage se-0.3%. Phakathi kwazo, ukufakwa komswakama kanye ne-crystaltaltity of the okuqukethwe kuyizinto eziphambili ezinquma inani le-shrinkage lomhlangano wokubumba, kanye nemingcele yenqubo efana nokuklanywa kwezinga langempela le-shrinkage.
Ingilazi fiber
Poe elastomer
Ukwelashwa komiswa kwe-PA6 ngokubumba okulula ukudonsa amanzi, ngakho-ke kufanele kufakwe ukubaluleka okukhulu ekwelashweni komiswa ngaphambi kokusebenza kwangempela. Uma impahla ehlinzekiwe iboshwe ngezinto ezingavunyelwe manzi, isitsha kufanele sigcinwe esimweni esivaliwe. Lapho umswakama mkhulu kune-0.2%, umoya oshisayo kufanele akhethwe ukomisa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwe-80 ℃ ye-16h; Uma okuqukethwe kuvezwa emoyeni okungenani i-8h, kufanele kube yi-vacuum yomiswe ngo-105 ℃ isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-8h.
- Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PA6
I-1.two-stain polymerization
I-polymerization yesiteji emibili ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: i-polymerization yangaphambili kanye ne-polymerization yangemuva. Ngokuvamile, ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ephezulu ye-viscosity efana nesilika yendwangu yezimboni. I-polymerization yesiteji emibili ikakhulukazi ifaka izindlela ezintathu: kanye ne-polymerization yengcindezi ye-polymerization, ukucindezela kwangaphambili kanye ne-polymerization ye-polymerization yangaphambilini kanye ne-polymerization yengcindezelo elandelayo. Phakathi kwazo, indlela yokuqothula ye-polymerization ibandakanya ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nezindleko eziphakeme, kulandelwa nge-polymerization ephezulu kakhulu kanye ne-polymerization yengcindezelo evamile. I-polymerization ye-Premerization ye-PreMerization ye-PROPERMENT inezindleko eziphansi futhi ayidingi utshalomali oluningi.
2. Indlela ye-polymerization eqhubekayo eqhubekayo
I-polymerization eqhubekayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezulu iyasebenza ekukhiqizweni kwesilika se-PA6 Civil, phakathi kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yenkampani yeNoy e-Italy ingummeleli kakhulu. Indlela ibonakala nge-polymerization enkulu eqhubekayo eqhubekayo ngo-260 ℃ ngo-20h. Izingcezu zitholwe esiteji esishisayo esiseduze. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-oligomers omiswe igesi ye-nitrogen, amamomone atholakala ngokukhishwa, futhi kwethulwa inqubo eqhubekayo nenqubo yokuhlushwa ngasikhathi sinye. Le ndlela inokusebenza okuvelele okuqhubekayo kokukhiqizwa, ingathola imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme, isivuno esikhulu, futhi ayihlali indawo enkulu kakhulu ngohlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo, inqubo evamile yokukhiqiza isilika kasilika.
3.intermitter hydrolysis polymerization
Indlela ye-Batch Hydrolysis Polymerization isebenzisa i-Prestering Resistant Resistant Kettle. Le ndlela ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwezingcezu zepulasitiki eziningi ze-batch yobunjiniyela be-batch. Ukondla isikhathi esisodwa, ngemuva kokuphendula (ukukhipha isikhathi esisodwa) ngokunqunywa kwengcindezi ye-nitrogen, ukukhishwa, ngemuva kokomiswa ukulungiselela i-PA6. Inqubo ye-BATCH Polymerization ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu: Isigaba sokuqala singamanzi abhekene nama-polycondencring; Isigaba sesibili yi-Vacuum Polymerization; Isigaba sesithathu ukusabela kokulingana.
I-batch polymerization ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo emincane ye-batch, ingakhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukile ye-batch kanye ne-copormerization pa, kepha ukusetshenziswa okubonakalayo okungaphezulu kukude, ukuphindwa komjikelezo womkhiqizo kungukude.
Inqubo ye-4.twin-isikulufa expresslion inqubo eqhubekayo ye-polymerization
Inqubo ye-polymesion ye-twin-screw eqhubekayo ye-polymerization ubuchwepheshe obusha obuthuthukisiwe eminyakeni yamuva. Ikwamukela i-anionic catalytic polymerization futhi i-caploractam icushiwe ngama-dehydration bese ingena ngokuqhubekayo ifaka i-twin-screw extredrer. Ekwenziweni kwesikulufa se-twin, okuqukethwe ukusabela kuhamba eceleni kwe-axial ngokujikeleza kwesikulufa, futhi isisindo saso se-molecular siyaqhubeka sanda. Izinto eziphansi zamangqamuzana zikhishwe ngohlelo lwe-vacuum lwe-twin-screw extreder, futhi i-polymer ipholile futhi isikiwe, yomile futhi igcwele phama.
Le nqubo inezimpawu zokugeleza okufushane kokukhiqizwa kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza elula, kanye ne-monomer engavuliwe enesisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana ingavuselelwa ngqo ngemuva kokukhishwa ohlelweni lokuphendula, kanye nokuqukethwe komkhiqizo kuphansi kakhulu, ngaphandle kokukhishwa. Amanzi acwebezelayo aphansi, isikhathi sokumisa sifushane, singanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngasikhathi sinye, isisindo se-molecular somkhiqizo esihlobene singalawulwa isikhathi sokuhlala sezinto ezibonakalayo ku-twin-screw extredrer.
- Funda ekuguqulweni kwe-PA6
Ukuguqulwa kwe-1.Enhanction
Ngenxa yokuba khona kwamabhondi e-hydrogen kuma-molecule e-PA6, ukuguquguquka kwawo namandla azothinteka nakanjani. Ngokunyuka kobuningi be-hydrogen bond mannsity, amandla omshini we-PA6 azokwanda ngokulandelana. Ama-athomu ama-carbon amaningi akhona, isikhathi eside iketanga eliguquguqukayo, lisizakala kakhulu. Izakhiwo zemishini ze-PA6 Composites zingathuthukiswa ngokungeza i-fiber yengilazi. I-tetragonal zno whisker inokuhlobisa okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, imiphumela yocwaningo ngomphumela wokuthuthuka kwe-ZNO Whisker ku-Casting PA ekhombisa ukuthi okuqukethwe okuphezulu okungu-5%, futhi ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-whisker kuzonciphisa ukumelana nokushisa kwamanzi. Umlotha we-FLLLA waphathwa nge-ejenti ehlanganayo yaseSilha futhi wabe esegcwala umkhiqizo we-past PA6 ukuze uguqulwe. Umkhiqizo wokugcina wawunokuqina okungcono okushisayo, isilinganiso se-shrinkage kanye nokutholwa kwamanzi.
2.Flame Retardant ukuguqulwa
Inkomba ye-oxygen ye-PA6 ingu-26.4, okuyinto evuthayo. Imithetho kazwelonke kanye nemithetho idinga ngokucacile i-Flame Retardancy of Polymer izinto, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuguqukeni kwe-Flame Retardancy of PA6 lapho kusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlobene nogesi. I-Flame Retardanctionary ye-Aluminium hypophosphate ilungele izinto ezilungiselelwe ngokuhlanganisa usawoti wensimbi ehlukahlukene nge-PA6. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium hypophosphate kungu-18%, ukulahlekelwa okuvuthayo kokuqukethwe kungafinyelela ku-25, futhi u-UL94 angafinyelela ebangeni le-V-0.
I-Melamine Cyanuric Acid (MCA) iguqulwe nge-phosphorus ebomvu ingasetshenziswa njenge-flame retardant ye-PA6. I-Phosphorus ebomvu ingavimba ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi enkulu yePlanethi ye-Plandrogen Bond phakathi kwe-melamine ne-cyanuric acid, ngaleyo ndlela kucwengeke i-MCA, futhi i-MCA ingakha ikhabhoni ngaphansi kwesenzo se-phosphorus ebomvu. Ngakho-ke, i-MCA eguquliwe ingadlala indima ye-Flame Retardant esigabeni sokuvuselelwa kanye nesigaba segesi, esilungele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Flame Retardant Property of PA6. I-Oxygen Index ye-Oxygen (loi) yenhlanganisela yathuthukiswa ngokungeza i-Guanidine sulfonic acid ku-PA6 Matrix ngokuncibilikisa indlela. Ukuhlolwa okugxilwe mpo kukhombisa ukuthi isivuno samaconsi ancibilikisiwe sancishiswa kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa ne-PA6 emsulwa lapho ukwengeza i-gulfonic sulfonic acid bekungu-3%, futhi ibanga le-ul94 le-gulfonic acidic alikho ngaphansi kwama-5%.
I-Phosphorus ebomvu
3.Ukuguqulwa kokuguqulwa
I-PA eqinile futhi eguquliwe ingatholwa ngokungeza i-resin ye-ructile noma i-elastomer kuya ku-pa resin bese ihlangana nokukhishwa.Lapho i-ejenti ebabazekayo i-polarized SBS, uhlelo olunamandla oluhlanganisa ama-polarised sbs kanye ne-PA6 lutholakala ngendlela yokuncibilikisa yokuncibilikisa. Lapho inani lama-sbs e-polarised likhuphuka, amandla we-notch ethonya lohlelo kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuzothuthukiswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlanganisela ze-PA6 ne-EPDM, i-EPDM yatshaywa nge-moalic anhydride ine-ruble enjoloba nepulasitiki nokuqina okuphezulu. Lapho umthamo we-EPDM waxhunyelelwa nge-anhydride ye-moaric kwakungu-15%, izinto ezihlanganisiwe zazinezikhathi eziphindwe ka-9 ezinamaphiko angama-9 kune-PA6.
I-ejenti enamandla ka-SBS
Umthombo Wezithombe: Injoloba ye-Guofeng nepulasitiki
Ukuguqulwa kwe-4.
I-filler yezomnotho ingezwe ku-PA Resin, futhi izinto ze-PA ezilungisiwe ze-PA zingatholakala ngemuva kokuxubana nokukhishwa. Usebenzisa i-Silicon Carbide njengoFring we-Thermal wokuphamba, i-ejenti ye-ejenti ye-ejenti ye-kh560 ne-epoxy resin e51 ukuselapha inqubo ye-filler, ngenqubo ye-twin-screw in composite esebenza kahle. Lapho inani lokugcwalisa le-fleariving filler, ukunwetshwa kwe-PA6 chain nokwelashwa komhlaba, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nokushisa, izindawo zokuvuselela ama-armal of the composite nazo zizoshintsha.
I-Silicon Carbide
Umkhiqizo oyinhlanganisela otholwe ku-PA6 ne-Organic Montmorillonite ephathwe ngokuncibilika kwe-Blendjoction Ukubumba ukungqubuzana okuhle nokugqokwa, ukumelana nokushisa kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. I-filler yi-aluminium powder, i-substrate ispormerized PA6 ne-PA66, futhi impahla eyinhlanganisela ingalungiswa ngokuncibilikisa okuhlanganisiwe. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium powder kukhuphuka, amandla ashubile enhlanganisela akhuphuka kuqala bese encipha, futhi i-modulus yokugoba kancane kancane, ngenkathi amandla ethonya ancipha. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa ama-fly ash microbeads e-PA6, ubulukhuni, umthelela kanye namandla ashubayo ezinto ezibonakalayo kungathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi umkhiqizo ungagcwaliswa ngokuqina okungcono.
5.PA alloy
I-PA6 Alloy ingeyesistimu yezakhi eziningi, iningi lazo lakhiwa okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili zama-polymers, phakathi kwazo i-polymer, i-coff compolymer kanye ne-block copolymer isetshenziswa kabanzi. I-POBERPREEN ne-Anhydride exhumeke nge-polypropylene (PP-G-MAH) ngemuva kokuhlanganisa impahla eyinhlanganisela, izinga lokufakwa kwamanzi liphansi kakhulu kune-PA6, futhi linamandla amakhulu emthonjeni kune-PA6.
I-Low Odor Anhydrided Palypropylened
I-polyethylene ephansi ehlanganisiwe (LDPE), i-MALEIC ANHYDRDERDE (MAH) kanye ne-Iniustor Diisopropyl Benzene Peroxide (DCP) ingalungiswa ngokuxubanisa i-polyethylene (ldpe) Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlanganisela ye-LDPE-G-MAH ne-PA6 ingalungiswa ngendlela yokuncibilikisa ehlanganisiwe ehlanganiswe nenani elincane le-PA6. Lapho umthamo we-anhydride ye-mineic yayingu-1.0, izinhlanganisela ezinamandla amahle kakhulu ashukumisayo angatholakala. Lapho umthamo we-anhydride we-mealic anhydride wagcinwa engxenyeni eyi-1.0, ukuguqulwa komthamo we-DCP bekungeke kube nomphumela omningi kwizakhiwo zenhlanganisela. Lapho umthamo we-DCP wawungu-0.6, amandla aphezulu okuqina wenhlanganisela engatholakala.
Izibonelo ezedlule ze-PA6 Aggregation Technology zifaka phakathi iSwitzerland's Invento, i-Italy's Noy Fischer neZimmer. Ngokwesisekelo sokufunda ngenkuthalo kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bakwamanye amazwe kanye nesipiliyoni, izwe lethu liyadonsa, lidonsa futhi sethula inani elikhulu lemishini yesimanje (njengamanye amavubuli e-PA6 futhi lisondela ekuqondisweni kwe-International Development (Nokho, izithasiselo ezisemqoka ezinjenge-Tio2 nembewu zisadinga ukwethulwa).
Amandla we-polymerization we-PA6 eChina alondoloze inkambiso yokunwetshwa okusheshayo, futhi amandla okukhiqiza adlula adlula e-PA66. Esikhathini samanje, ucwaningo lokuguqulwa kwe-PA6 lumayelana nokuqiniswa, okunolaka, ilangabi le-retardant, ukugcwalisa kanye namaqembu aqinile we-electronegar (ngokufaka amaqembu aqinile kagesi ku-pailing acidic, ukuze kufinyelelwe anti-fouling). Yize lolu hlobo lokuguqulwa luqhutshwa ngokufana ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezikhethekile, izindlela zokuguqulwa zokukhishwa nokuphendula nazo zifanele. Ngokuthuthuka okwengeziwe kobuchwepheshe besimanje, izinsiza ze-nano zingethulwa ukuguqula i-PA6 ukuthola izinto eziguquliwe ze-PA6 ngobulukhuni obukhulu, amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zezinkambu ezahlukahlukene.
I-Syntholution Tech.com ifakwe ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-nylon modifier, ukukhiqizwa, ukubalwa kwama-30% wesabelo semakethe yasekhaya, hlola izimakethe zakwa-phesheya, yamukela imibuzo yamakhasimende.
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Isikhathi sePosi: Mar-16-2023